A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E
G) A) and B)
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A) It lacks an asymmetric carbon, and it is probably a fat or lipid.
B) It should dissolve in water.
C) It should dissolve in a nonpolar solvent.
D) It won't form hydrogen bonds with water.
E) It is hydrophobic.
G) A) and C)
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A) The majority of their bonds are polar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages.
B) The majority of their bonds are nonpolar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages.
C) They are hydrophilic.
D) They exhibit considerable molecular complexity and diversity.
E) They are lighter than water.
G) All of the above
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A) Inorganic carbon atoms in the seeds were incorporated into organic molecules by the bird.
B) The carbon atoms ultimately came from the soil.
C) The carbon atoms are ultimately derived from coal.
D) The carbon atoms ultimately came from carbon dioxide incorporated into sugars through photosynthesis.
E) The carbon atoms ultimately came from simple organic compounds that formed abiotically from inorganic carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms.
G) A) and E)
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A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E
G) B) and C)
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A) 1
B) 2
C) 4
D) 3
E) 11
G) A) and C)
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A) amino
B) carbonyl
C) carboxyl
D) phosphate
E) hydroxyl
G) A) and B)
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A) have identical chemical formulas but differ in the branching of their carbon skeletons.
B) are mirror images of one another.
C) exist in either linear chain or ring forms.
D) differ in the location of their double bonds.
E) differ in the arrangement of atoms around their double bonds.
G) B) and E)
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A) They were incorporated into organic molecules by plants.
B) They were processed into sugars through photosynthesis.
C) They are ultimately derived from carbon dioxide.
D) They were incorporated into organic molecules by plants, and they are ultimately derived from carbon dioxide.
E) They were incorporated into organic molecules by plants, they were processed into sugars through photosynthesis, and they are ultimately derived from carbon dioxide.
G) D) and E)
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A) life arose on Earth from simple inorganic molecules.
B) organic molecules can be synthesized abiotically under conditions that may have existed on early Earth.
C) life arose on Earth from simple organic molecules, with energy from lightning and volcanoes.
D) the conditions on early Earth were conducive to the origin of life.
E) the conditions on early Earth were conducive to the abiotic synthesis of organic molecules.
G) C) and D)
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A) carboxyl
B) sulfhydryl
C) hydroxyl
D) amino
E) phosphate
G) B) and E)
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A) C₃H₈
B) C₂H₆
C) CH₄
D) C₂H₄
E) C₂H₂
G) A) and D)
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A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E
G) B) and C)
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A) by branching of the carbon skeleton.
B) by varying the number of double bonds between carbon atoms.
C) by varying the position of double bonds between carbon atoms.
D) by forming a ring.
E) by forming enantiomers.
G) A) and B)
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A) the chemical versatility of carbon atoms.
B) the variety of rare elements in organic molecules.
C) the fact that they can be synthesized only in living organisms.
D) their interaction with water.
E) their tremendously large sizes.
G) B) and E)
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A) 
B) 
C) 
D) 
E) Each of the illustrations in the other answer choices depicts a structural isomer of the compound with molecular formula C₆H₁₄.
G) B) and C)
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A) carboxyl
B) sulfhydryl
C) hydroxyl
D) amino
F) B) and D)
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A) would function only as an acid because of the carboxyl group.
B) would function only as a base because of the amino group.
C) would function as neither an acid nor a base.
D) would function as both an acid and a base.
E) is impossible to determine how it would function.
G) D) and E)
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A) 
B) 
C) 
D) 
E) 
G) A) and C)
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A) be more flexible in structure.
B) be more constrained in structure.
C) be more polar.
D) have more hydrogen atoms.
E) have fewer structurally distinct isomers.
G) A) and C)
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