Question 1

The ________ system compensates for metabolic acidosis and alkalosis.

Accepted Answer

A)   gastrointestinal
B)   renal
C)   cardiovascular
D)   respiratoryE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

Respiratory alkalosis is caused by

Accepted Answer

A)   hyperventilation.
B)   pneumonia.
C)   chest muscle weakness.
D)   pulmonary edema.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 3

Renal compensation for respiratory acidosis is evidenced by

Accepted Answer

A)   decreased carbon dioxide.
B)   elevated carbon dioxide.
C)   decreased bicarbonate ion concentration.
D)   elevated bicarbonate ion concentration.E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 4

Causes of metabolic acidosis include

Accepted Answer

A)   hyperventilation.
B)   massive blood transfusion.
C)   tissue anoxia.
D)   hypoventilation.E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 5

The finding of ketones in the blood suggests that a person may have

Accepted Answer

A)   metabolic acidosis.
B)   metabolic alkalosis.
C)   respiratory acidosis.
D)   respiratory alkalosis.E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 6

A 3 year old is diagnosed with starvation ketoacidosis.What signs and symptoms should you anticipate in your assessment?

Accepted Answer

A)   Slow, shallow breathing, belligerence, hyperexcitability
B)   Slow, shallow breathing, numbness and tingling around his mouth
C)   Rapid, deep breathing, lethargy, abdominal pain
D)   Rapid, deep breathing, tremors, elevated blood pressureE) C) and D)
F) None of the above C

Question 7

Metabolic alkalosis is often accompanied by

Accepted Answer

A)   hypernatremia.
B)   hyponatremia.
C)   hyperkalemia.
D)   hypokalemia.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 8

Diarrhea and other lower intestinal fluid losses will contribute to

Accepted Answer

A)   metabolic alkalosis.
B)   metabolic acidosis.
C)   respiratory acidosis.
D)   mixed acid-base disorders.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 9

Which acid are the kidneys unable to excrete?

Accepted Answer

A)   Metabolic
B)   Carbonic
C)   Bicarbonate
D)   AmmoniaE) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 10

The arterial blood gas pH = 7.52, PaCO₂ = 30 mm Hg, HCO₃- = 24 mEq/L demonstrates

Accepted Answer

A)   metabolic acidosis.
B)   respiratory acidosis.
C)   respiratory alkalosis.
D)   mixed alkalosis.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 11

Diarrhea causes

Accepted Answer

A)   respiratory acidosis.
B)   respiratory alkalosis.
C)   metabolic acidosis.
D)   metabolic alkalosis.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 12

Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis would result in

Accepted Answer

A)   increased pH, increased HCO₃--.
B)   increased pH, decreased HCO₃-.
C)   decreased pH, increased HCO₃-.
D)   decreased pH, decreased HCO₃-.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 13

Respiratory acidosis may be caused by

Accepted Answer

A)   hyperventilation.
B)   massive blood transfusion.
C)   tissue hypoxia.
D)   hypoventilation.E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 14

Fully compensated respiratory acidosis is demonstrated by

Accepted Answer

A)   pH 7.36, PaO₂ 55, HCO₃- 36.
B)   pH 7.45, PaO₂ 40, HCO₃-28.
C)   pH 7.26, PaO₂ 60, HCO₃- 26.
D)   pH 7.40, PaO₂ 40, HCO₃- 24.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 15

A person who experiences a panic attack and develops hyperventilation symptoms may experience

Accepted Answer

A)   neuromuscular depression.
B)   anxiety acidosis.
C)   numbness and tingling in the extremities.
D)   acute compensatory metabolic acidosis.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 16

Early manifestations of a developing metabolic acidosis include

Accepted Answer

A)   coma.
B)   headache.
C)   muscle cramps.
D)   short and shallow respirations.E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 17

The major buffer in the extracellular fluid is

Accepted Answer

A)   hemoglobin.
B)   albumin.
C)   bicarbonate.
D)   phosphate.E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 18

A patient has been hospitalized several times in 6 months with severe ECV depletion and hypokalemia resulting from chronic laxative abuse.Which blood gas results should be relayed to the physician?

Accepted Answer

A)   pH in high part of normal range, PaO₂ normal, PaO₂ normal, bicarbonate normal
B)   pH in high part of normal range, PaO₂ normal, PaO₂ high, bicarbonate high
C)   pH in low part of normal range, PaO₂ normal, PaO₂ low, bicarbonate low
D)   pH in low part of normal range, PaO₂ normal, PaO₂ normal, bicarbonate normalE) All of the above
F) B) and C) B

Question 19

The body compensates for metabolic alkalosis by

Accepted Answer

A)   hypoventilation.
B)   decreasing arterial carbon dioxide.
C)   increasing bicarbonate ion excretion.
D)   hyperventilation.E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 20

A person with acute hypoxemia may hyperventilate and develop

Accepted Answer

A)   respiratory acidosis.
B)   respiratory alkalosis.
C)   metabolic alkalosis.
D)   metabolic acidosis.E) C) and D)
F) A) and C) B

Exam 25: Acid-Base Homeostasis and Imbalances

The ________ system compensates for metabolic acidosis and alkalosis.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Respiratory alkalosis is caused by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Renal compensation for respiratory acidosis is evidenced by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Causes of metabolic acidosis include

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The finding of ketones in the blood suggests that a person may have

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A 3 year old is diagnosed with starvation ketoacidosis.What signs and symptoms should you anticipate in your assessment?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Metabolic alkalosis is often accompanied by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Diarrhea and other lower intestinal fluid losses will contribute to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which acid are the kidneys unable to excrete?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The arterial blood gas pH = 7.52, PaCO₂ = 30 mm Hg, HCO₃- = 24 mEq/L demonstrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Diarrhea causes

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis would result in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Respiratory acidosis may be caused by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Fully compensated respiratory acidosis is demonstrated by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A person who experiences a panic attack and develops hyperventilation symptoms may experience

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Early manifestations of a developing metabolic acidosis include

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The major buffer in the extracellular fluid is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A patient has been hospitalized several times in 6 months with severe ECV depletion and hypokalemia resulting from chronic laxative abuse.Which blood gas results should be relayed to the physician?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

The body compensates for metabolic alkalosis by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A person with acute hypoxemia may hyperventilate and develop

Correct AnswerverifiedB

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C

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The arterial blood gas pH = 7.52, PaCO₂ = 30 mm Hg, HCO₃^- = 24 mEq/L demonstrates

Correct Answer
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B

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B