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Which of the following statements is true regarding the ribs?


A) Ribs 11 and 12 are considered false ribs,because they attach indirectly to the sternum through the cartilages of the eighth and 10th ribs.
B) The lateral portion of the tubercle of the rib articulates with the transverse process to form the costotransverse joint.
C) The crest of the head of a typical rib articulates with the intervertebral disc above.
D) The subclavian vessels and a portion of the brachial plexus create a groove on the inferior surface of the first rib.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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C

Which ligament attaches to the lateral tubercle of the costotransverse joint?


A) Costotransverse ligament
B) Lateral costotransverse ligament
C) Superior costotransverse ligament

D) A) and C)
E) A) and B)

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What makes up the interchondral joints?

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The interchondral joints are s...

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Describe the zone of apposition and its involvement in respiration.

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The costal fibers of the diaphragm run vertically from their origin,in close apposition to the rib cage,before curving to insert into the central tendon.That portion of the diaphragm,which is close to the inner wall of the lower rib cage,is called the zone of apposition.During tidal breathing the descent of the dome of the diaphragm causes only a slight change in its shape,maintaining most of the zone of apposition.As the diaphragm descends,it compresses the abdominal contents,increasing intra-abdominal pressure.The increased pressure is transmitted laterally via the zone of apposition,causing the lower ribs to expand.

How does pregnancy affect the biomechanics of the chest wall?

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Progressive uterine distention repositio...

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Which of the following is considered an accessory muscle of inspiration?


A) Pectoralis minor
B) Quadratus lumborum
C) Diaphragm
D) Scalenes

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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The "pump handle" motion of the upper ribs occurs primarily in what plane of motion?


A) Horizontal
B) Frontal
C) Sagittal

D) A) and B)
E) A) and C)

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Which of the following costovertebral joint structures attaches to the intervertebral disc?


A) Superior band of the radiate ligament
B) Superior costotransverse ligament
C) Intra-articular ligament
D) All of the above attach to the intervertebral disc.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Which muscle originates on the transverse process of the vertebrae and inserts on the rib below?


A) Serratus posterior
B) Levator costarum
C) Internal intercostal
D) External intercostals

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Which of the following best describes the changes seen in an infant's chest wall mechanics?


A) The healthy newborn has a very rigid chest wall.
B) The ribs are completely ossified at birth.
C) The infant's ribs are elliptical in shape.
D) The chest wall is very compliant but not very stable.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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Describe the ligamentous support system for the costotransverse (CT)joint.

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Three major ligaments support the CT joi...

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Consider the motion of the ribs and the T4 on T5 vertebral motion segment.Which of the following statements is true regarding the motion that occurs during expiration?


A) There is an anterior,cephalic glide of the inferior articular facet of T4 and compression of the anterior ribs.
B) There is a posterior,caudal glide of the inferior articular facet of T4 and compression of the anterior ribs.
C) There is an anterior,caudal glide of the inferior articular facet and compression of the posterior aspect of the ribs.
D) There is a posterior,cephalic glide of the inferior articular facet and compression of the anterior aspect of the ribs.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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A

During respiration,motion occurs at both the costovertebral and costotransverse joints.Which of the following statements is true regarding the axis of motion and the type of motion that occurs at these joints?


A) The axis of motion of the upper ribs is close to the sagittal plane.
B) The axis of motion of the lower ribs is close to the frontal plane.
C) Motion of the upper ribs increases in the transverse (medial/lateral) diameter of the thorax.
D) The lateral end of the lower ribs is displaced laterally.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Which of the following statements best describes how chronic obstructive pulmonary disease affects the mechanics of the chest wall?


A) The elastic recoil properties of the chest wall decrease.
B) The resting position of the chest wall remains unchanged.
C) The chest wall becomes concave.
D) There is an increased zone of apposition.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Which of the following statements correctly describes the articulation of the head of the fifth rib with the thoracic spine?


A) The superior facet of the fifth rib articulates with the vertebral body of its own level (T5) ; the inferior facet articulates with the vertebral body below (T6) .
B) The fifth rib has a single facet and only articulates with the vertebral body of its own level (T5) .
C) The superior facet articulates with the vertebral body above (T4) ; the inferior facet of the fifth rib articulates with the vertebral body of its own level (T5) .
D) The fifth rib articulates with the vertebral body and transverse process of the vertebrae of its own level.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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